JNR 485 series

The 485 series was a Japanese limited express electric multiple unit type introduced in 1964 by Japanese National Railways, along with its earlier 481 and 483 variants, and later operated by JR East, JR-West and JR Kyushu. The family was dual-voltage, able to run under 1,500 V DC or 20 kV AC, with the 481 series for 60 Hz, the 483 series for 50 Hz and the 485 series for both. Roughly 1,500 vehicles were built. The original design closely followed the bonnet-style 181 series, while from 1972 the 485-200 series took a cab adapted from the 583 series sleeper expresses that became the standard for nearly all later JNR limited express trains. It served the Raicho, Inaho, Hokuetsu, Hitachi, Tsugaru, Nikko and Noto services. The last train was pulled from service on 11 December 2022. Hitachi is named among the builders and as an early maker of the 485 series.