Mitsubishi K3M

The Mitsubishi K3M, known to the Allies as Pine, was a trainer that the Imperial Japanese Navy used in an unusually wide range of roles, including light transport, liaison, general utility and occasionally light bombing. Herbert Smith, the British designer from Sopwith working in Japan for Mitsubishi, designed it as a strut-braced high-wing cabin monoplane with wide-track fixed landing gear. The prototype 4MS1 flew in 1930, the K3M2 entered service in 1932 as the Navy Type 90 Crew Trainer, and about 625 were built, mostly by Kyushu Hikoki and Aichi, until 1941. The Army tested two as the Ki-7, and civil versions flew well after the war.