Mitsubishi Kinsei

The Mitsubishi Kinsei, whose name means Venus, was a 14-cylinder, air-cooled, twin-row radial aircraft engine developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan in 1934 for the Imperial Japanese Navy. While it was an experimental project Mitsubishi called it the A8, and in Navy service it was the MK8. The Army adopted it in 1941 as the Ha-112, and in May 1943 it received the unified designation Ha-33. The earliest models borrowed their cylinder and detail design from the single-row, nine-cylinder Pratt and Whitney R-1690 Hornet. A major redesign reversed the head layout so that exhaust left to the rear, and later series raised the compression ratio from 5.3 to 7.0 to 1, added fuel injection and, in the 60 series, a turbo-supercharger. The 40 series stayed in production from 1936 until the end of the war. Applications included the Aichi D3A, the Kawasaki Ki-100, the Mitsubishi G3M and the Mitsubishi Ki-46-III.