Hyundai Kappa engine

The Hyundai Kappa is a series of three-cylinder and four-cylinder gasoline automobile engines with an all-aluminium block and a 16-valve double overhead camshaft layout, in place of the 12-valve single overhead camshaft design of its Epsilon predecessor. The block is high-pressure die-cast aluminium with a ladder-frame structure, and an engine with a manual gearbox weighs about 82 kilograms. The valvetrain uses roller swing arms and hydraulic lash adjusters to reduce noise, and the cylinder centreline is offset from the crankshaft axis to cut friction. Versions include the 1.25-litre G4LA, the 1.4-litre, and the Kappa II with variable valve timing in 1.0-litre three-cylinder form, fitted to the i10, i20, Eon, Picanto and Ray.