Northumbrian (locomotive)

Northumbrian was an early steam locomotive built in 1830 for the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the eighth of Stephenson's nine 0-2-2 engines in the style of Rocket. It was the first locomotive with a boiler of the modern layout, a firebox inside a water jacket at one end and a smokebox at the other to collect ashes, and it also had plate frames, a proper tender and cylinders set at a low angle to the horizontal for smoother running. Its weight rose to over seven tons against the four of Rocket, but most of it fell on the trailing wheels, which caused adhesion problems and was part of the reason Planet was built as a 2-2-0. Northumbrian headed the first train at the opening on 15 September 1830, with the Duke of Wellington aboard.