Soyuz 7K-T

The Soyuz 7K-T was the second generation of the Soyuz spacecraft and comprised Soyuz 12 through Soyuz 40, flown from 1973 to 1981. After the Soyuz 11 deaths the spacecraft was redesigned to carry two cosmonauts who wore pressure suits during launch, docking, undocking and reentry, with extra life support taking the place of the third seat. Because it was meant purely as a space station ferry it had no solar panels and carried two large whip antennas instead, so it ran on batteries that gave about two days of standalone flight, on the expectation that it would recharge while docked to a Salyut station. Several standalone flights, Soyuz 13, 16, 19 and 22, used a variant with solar panels, and a Soyuz 7K-T/A9 variant flew to the military Almaz station. Uncrewed tests included Kosmos 496 and Kosmos 573.