The Soyuz 7K-L1, flown under the name Zond, was a Soviet spacecraft designed to carry two cosmonauts around the Moon without entering lunar orbit, as part of the crewed Moon flyby programme of the Moon race. It was based on the Soyuz 7K-OK, with the orbital module replaced by a support cone and a high-gain parabolic antenna, the reserve parachute removed, and a gyro platform and star navigation sensors added for deep space navigation. Sergei Korolev won approval for a lunar version of Soyuz in October 1965, and after his death in January 1966 his successor at OKB-1, Vasily Mishin, pushed to strip it down so that a UR-500 Proton booster could launch it with a Blok D stage. It made only uncrewed flights from 1967 to 1970, Zond 4 to Zond 8, and four of those five flights suffered malfunctions; Zond 5 carried tortoises around the Moon and returned them to Earth. The programme was closed in 1970.
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Source Soyuz 7K-L1 (Wikipedia)
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Source Soyuz 7K-L1 (Wikipedia)
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Source Soyuz 7K-L1 (Wikipedia)History, KorolevQuote, History, Korolev
In October 1965, a mere three months before his death, Korolev was granted official approval for developing a crewed lunar spacecraft, which would be a modified Soyuz.
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Source Soyuz 7K-L1 (Wikipedia)Lead, country of originQuote, Lead, country of origin
in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race.
Sources
1. Soyuz 7K-L1 (Wikipedia)
History
All L1/Zond spacecraft made only uncrewed flights from 1967 to 1970, from (Zond 4 to Zond 8), and four of these five Zond flights suffered malfunctions.
Lead
The Soyuz 7K-L1 "Zond" spacecraft was designed to launch cosmonauts from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit
History, programme end
Along with the remaining 7K-L1S, the Soviet Moon-flyby program was closed in 1970 without the achievement of its crewed primary goal.
History, Korolev
In October 1965, a mere three months before his death, Korolev was granted official approval for developing a crewed lunar spacecraft, which would be a modified Soyuz.
Lead, country of origin
in the context of the Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race.
In Group: Crewed Spacecraft, Lead, two cosmonauts
The spacecraft was capable of carrying two cosmonauts.
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